top of page

 

TURKISH LESSONS

       -GRAMMAR-

WONDER OF THE WEEK

mrunal.jpg

mrunal daptary

ASAD.jpg

asad yazdani

PARTICIPATE IN OUR GAMES THROUGH OUR FACEBOOK PAGE AND GET A CHANCE TO BE IN THIS DISPLAY 

INDEX

ALPHABETS

UNIT 1 ALPHABETS

The Turkish alphabet consists of 29 letters. Included are 6 additional letters - ç, ÄŸ, ı, ö, ÅŸ, ü - while - q, w, x - are excluded.

 

They are : 

Upper Case

ABCÇDEFGÄžHIÄ°JKLMNOÖPRSÅžTUÜVYZ

Lower Case

abcçdefgÄŸhıijklmnoöprsÅŸtuüvyz

 

Vowels: a, e, ı, i, o, ö, u, ü
Consonants: b, c, ç, d, f, g, ÄŸ, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, ÅŸ, t, v, y, z

 

 

PRONUNCIATION

 

Most Turkish letters are similar in pronunciation to their English counterparts. There are a few letters  whose pronunciation is unique to Turkish.

"YumuÅŸak ge" (Äž ÄŸ) or "soft g" for example always follows a vowel and is pronounced in one of two ways. If the vowel before it is one of a, ı, o, u then "yumuÅŸak ge" will lengthen the sound of that vowel, eg. yaÄŸmur, aÄŸaç. If the vowel is one of e, i, ö, ü then "yumuÅŸak ge" will be pronounced as "y", eg. eÄŸitim, iÄŸne. Since "yumuÅŸak ge" is always preceded by a vowel there are no words in Turkish that start with it.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

aa

​

 

PRONUNCIATION            :    A/a

SOUNDS LIKE                   : SUN

EXAMPLE                          : ANNE (MOTHER)

                                             KALEM (PEN)

                                             ARABA (CAR)

                                             ANLAT (EXPLAIN)

                                             ABI (BROTHER)

 

 

READ THE FOLLOWING WITH THE PROPER PRONONCIATION ATLEAST ONCE

Anchor 1

UNIT 2 SUFFIX

Turkish is a suffix based language. A suffix is a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word. A suffix indicates different meaning in different context . However, In Turkish, suffix is used to indicate two things. .

They are :

 

1. To define possessiveness of a verb and a noun

2..To define tense of verb

 

We will start with Simple Present tensE.

 

A verb will be represented as :

root verb + suffix

Görmek (To see ) : Here Gör (see) = root verb and mek(to) = suffix

 

Simple present tense is used for actions we do in everyday life. Something we do in usual...

Eg: I drink milk everyday.

I take bath everyday

She eats food

All these represent things we do usually...

In general a verb in Turkish is represented by a suffix " mek/mak ". This form is the Infinitive form.

 

Eg : Görmek = To see

Kokmak = To smell

içmek = To drink

​

​

Anchor 2

UNIT 3 SENTANCE FORMATION AND PERSONAL PRONOUN

So guys today we will learn about Sentence formation in Turkish. Last day we learned about suffixes. And there I mentioned about the places to use them. Today we will learn where and how to use them


 

For a prerequisite knowledge when a sentence is formed there is a thing to be considered. Depending upon the person/thing we speak the suffix of noun and verb changes. The format of sentence formation is :
 

Personal pronoun + { noun + personal suffix } or {verb root + tense suffix + personal pronoun}.

 

Eg :  1.Ben doktorum. (I  am a doctor ) { ben =I ; Doktorum = I am a doctor}

Here : Ben (  I ) = personal pronoun  ;  Doktor (Doctor ) = noun  ;   um (I am ) = personal pronoun

 

        2. sen yersin ( You are eating) {sen = you ; yiyosun =you are eating )

 Here :  Sen (  you ) ; ye (eat ) ; r = tense suffix { simple present} ; sin (you are)

 

So as you have observed , when we take a noun , we have to use only the noun + personal suffix. But when we take the verb we have to add the tense suffix along with verb and personal suffix. Always keep this rule in mind.  We will go in detail of all these in future lectures  

 

We will learn personal pronouns at first and then personal suffix and later to tense suffix.

 

Personal pronouns :

 

I                         Ben

You                   Sen

He / She / It      O

We                     Biz

You (Plural)       Siz

They                 Onlar

 

For today this is enough. Tomorrow we will learn : personal suffix and their usage. But before that yesterday I gave some verbs in the vocabulary section. Try to form some sentences using the same. After sentence formation lecture , I will upload the notes here on the same.

Anchor 3

UNIT 4&5 pERSONAL SUFFIX

Since we completed personal pronouns , we will go with personal suffixes. Let us divide the personal suffixes into two parts :

  1. Noun

  2. Verbs

At first, we will learn about nouns and then to verbs. As we discussed before, In Turkish ,to define a noun in any sentence, we need a personal suffix along with the noun. With different type of nouns, different suffixes are added. 

 


 

For simplicity lets divide types of sentences into 4 . and they are :

1. Positive sentences

2. Negative sentences

3.Positive Questioning

4. Negative Questioning

This division will be continued in both nouns and verbs.

 

Since we are talking about nouns, we will not consider verbs for a while. As we told before, for different types of nouns , different suffixes are given.  In Turkish , personal suffixes are added depending upon the personal pronoun and  last  vowel of the word. Depending upon the last vowel , the suffix changes.

 

Siz is used in two different cases. Siz is used for denoting you with formal/respect or to denote you as plural.

 

In this lecture we will see how these are divided in positive sentence formations.

 

zzzz

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

So , as you have seen in the above table, we will divide all the nouns depending on the same. If you look at the table of ben and  biz , you can see that in a square bracket [y] is added. This is to indicate that in certain cases you need to use y along with the suffix. This is used when a word which ends with a vowel comes.

We will check some examples now :

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In short remember :

 

When the last vowel of a word is :

 

i or e the suffix will be with i

ı or a the suffix will be with ı

ü or ö the suffix will be with ü

u or o the suffix will be with u

Lets see some examples :

 

 

1. Ben  sultanım = I am sultan  { Ben = I (personal pronoun) ;  sultan = king ; ım = I am ( personal suffix)  }
 

2. Ben erkekim = I am male  { Ben = I (personal pronoun) ; erkek = male (noun ) ;im = I am (personal suffix) }

 

  1. Ben tasarımcıyım = I am designer { Ben = I (personal pronoun ) ; tasarımcı = designer (noun) ; yım = I am (personal suffix ) }

 

  1. Ben babayim =  I am father  {Ben = I ( personal pronoun ) ; baba = father (Noun ) yim= I am (personal suffix )

 

  1. Ben doktorum = I am doctor { Ben = I (  personal pronoun ) ; doktor = doctor ( Noun ) um = I am ( personal suffix )

 

  1. Ben aktörüm = I am actor { Ben = I ( personal pronoun ) ; aktör = actor (noun ) ; üm = I am ( personal suffix )

 

 

  1. Ben kötüyüm = I am bad { Ben = I (personal pronoun ) ; kötü = bad (noun ) ; yüm  = I am (personal suffix )

 

Similarly with sen ; :

 

1. Sen  sultansın = You are sultan  { Sen = you (personal pronoun) ;  sultan = king ; sın = You are ( personal suffix)  }
 

2. Sen erkeksin = You are male  { Sen = you (personal pronoun) ; erkek = male (noun ) ;sin = You are (personal suffix) }

 

  1. Sen tasarımcısın = You are designer { Sen = you (personal pronoun ) ; tasarımcı = designer (noun) ; sın = You are (personal suffix ) }

 

  1. Sen babasin =  You are father  {Sen = you ( personal pronoun ) ; baba = father (Noun ) sin= You are (personal suffix )

 

  1. Sen doktorsun = You are doctor { Sen = you (  personal pronoun ) ; doktor = doctor ( Noun ) sun = You are ( personal suffix )

 

  1. Sen aktörsün = You are actor { Sen = you ( personal pronoun ) ; aktör = actor (noun ) ; sün = You are ( personal suffix )

 

  1. Sen kötüyüm = You are bad { Sen = I (personal pronoun ) ; kötü = bad (noun ) ; sün  = I am (personal suffix )

 

 

 

 

 

 

For O

 

1. O  sultan = He is sultan  { O = He (personal pronoun) ;  sultan = king (noun) }
 

2. O erkek = He is male  { O = He (personal pronoun) ; erkek = male (noun )

 

  1. O tasarımcı = He is designer { O = He (personal pronoun ) ; tasarımcı = designer (noun)}

 

  1. O baba=  He is father  {O = He ( personal pronoun ) ; baba = father (Noun ))

 

  1. O doktor = He is doctor { O = He (  personal pronoun ) ; doktor = doctor ( Noun ) }

 

  1. O aktör = He is actor { O = He ( personal pronoun ) ; aktör = actor (noun )  }

 

  1. O kötü = He is bad { O = He (personal pronoun ) ; kötü = bad (noun ) ; }

 

 

 

For Biz

 

 

1. Biz  sultanız = We are sultans  { Biz = we (personal pronoun) ;  sultan = king ; ız = We are ( personal suffix)  }
 

2. Biz erkekiz = We are male  { Biz = we (personal pronoun) ; erkek = male (noun ) ;iz = We are (personal suffix) }

 

  1. Biz tasarımcıyız = We are designers { Biz = we (personal pronoun ) ; tasarımcı = designer (noun) ; yız = We are (personal suffix ) }

 

  1. Biz babayiz=  We are fathers  {Biz = we ( personal pronoun ) ; baba = father (Noun ) yiz= We are (personal suffix )

 

  1. Biz doktoruz = We are doctors { Biz = we (  personal pronoun ) ; doktor = doctor ( Noun ) uz = We are ( personal suffix )

 

  1. Biz aktörüz = We are actors { Biz = we ( personal pronoun ) ; aktör = actor (noun ) ; üz = We are ( personal suffix )

 

  1. Biz kötüyüm = we are bad { Biz = we (personal pronoun ) ; kötü = bad (noun ) ; yüz  = we are (personal suffix )

 

 

 

 

 

For siz :

1. Siz  sultansınız = You are sultans  { Siz = You (personal pronoun) ;  sultan = king ; sınız = You are ( personal suffix)  }
 

2. Siz erkeksiniz = You are male  { Siz = You (personal pronoun) ; erkek = male (noun ) ;siniz = You are (personal suffix) }

 

  1. Siz tasarımcısınız = You are designers { Siz = You (personal pronoun ) ; tasarımcı = designer (noun) ; sınız = You are (personal suffix ) }

 

  1. Siz babasiniz=  You are fathers  {Siz = You ( personal pronoun ) ; baba = father (Noun ) siniz= You are (personal suffix )

 

  1. Siz doktorsunuz = You are doctors { Siz = You (  personal pronoun ) ; doktor = doctor ( Noun ) sunuz = You are ( personal suffix )

 

  1. Siz aktörsünüz = You are actors { Siz = You ( personal pronoun ) ; aktör = actor (noun ) ; sünüzüz = You are ( personal suffix )

 

  1. Siz kötüsünüz = You are bad { Siz = You (personal pronoun ) ; kötü = bad (noun ) ; sünüz  = You are (personal suffix )

 

 

For Onlar :

 

1. Onlar  sultanlar = They are sultans  { Onlar = They (personal pronoun) ;  sultan = king ; lar = They are ( personal suffix)  }
 

2. Onlar erkekler = They are male  { Onlar = They (personal pronoun) ; erkek = male (noun ) ;ler = They are (personal suffix) }

 

  1. Onlar tasarımcılar = They are designers { Onlar = They (personal pronoun ) ; tasarımcı = designer (noun) ; lar = They are (personal suffix ) }

 

  1. Onlar babalar=  They are fathers  {Onlar = They ( personal pronoun ) ; baba = father (Noun ) lar = They are (personal suffix )

 

  1. Onlar doktorlar = They are doctors { Onlar = They (  personal pronoun ) ; doktor = doctor ( Noun ) lar = They are ( personal suffix )

 

  1. Onlar aktörler = They are actors { Onlar = They ( personal pronoun ) ; aktör = actor (noun ) ; ler = They are ( personal suffix )

 

  1. Onlar kötüler = They are bad { Onlar = They (personal pronoun ) ; kötü = bad (noun ) ; ler  = They are (personal suffix )

Screenshot (11).png

unit 6 Negative sentences

Anchor 4

For negative we attach our personal suffixes to the word "deÄŸil"(not) with the sentence.

Format : Personal pronoun + noun + {deÄŸil + personal suffix )           

 

 

 

What is the difference between format of positive sentence and negative sentence?

There are 2 differences :

  1. Noun will form a single word. No other suffix will be added with noun. But in positive sentences , along with noun suffix will be added ( Please have a look on unit 4 for the same ). Hence in total, 3 words will form a sentence

  2. A new word to indicate negative , deÄŸil will be added along with sentence at last. DeÄŸil along with personal suffix will ofrm a single word here.

 

 

Ben              deÄŸilim

Sen              deÄŸilsin

O                  deÄŸil

Biz                deÄŸiliz

Siz                deÄŸilsiniz

Onlar            deÄŸiller


 

 

 

 

 

 

 Here , you have seen that, No cases are taken on vowels. But in positive sentences , we take cases on vowels too. Also if you  look , you can see that in all the negative sentences , the word deÄŸil is added. DeÄŸil means not. We will look some examples on the same .

 

 

 

 

 

Eg :

 

1. Ben  sultan deÄŸilım = I am not sultan  { Ben = I (personal pronoun) ;  sultan = king ;                       deÄŸil = not (Negative word ) ;  Ä±m = I am ( personal suffix)  }
 

2. Sen erkek deÄŸilsin = You are not male  { Sen = You (personal pronoun) ; erkek = male (noun ) ;                deÄŸil = not ( negative word ); sin = you are (personal suffix) }

 

  1. O tasarımcı deÄŸil = He is not designer { O = he (personal pronoun ) ; tasarımcı = designer (noun) ; deÄŸil = not (Negative word ) }

 

  1. Biz babalar deÄŸilız =  We are not fathers  {Biz = We ( personal pronoun ) ; babalar = fathers (Noun ) deÄŸil = not ( Negative word ) ; ız = We are  (personal suffix )

 

(Nb : Here babalar indicates plural of baba (father). In positi)

 

  1. Siz doktor deÄŸilsunuz  = You are not doctor { Siz = I (  personal pronoun ) ; doktor = doctor ( Noun ) deÄŸil = not (negative word ) ; uz = You are ( personal suffix )

 

  1. Onlar aktörlar deÄŸiler  = They are actors { Onlar = I ( personal pronoun ) ; aktörlar = actor (noun ) ; deÄŸil = not ( Negative word ) ; ler =They are (personal suffix) }


If you look in You can see 2 plural words.DeÄŸiler and aktörlar. In aktör we used lar and in DeÄŸi we used ler. We used them because of rule in positive sentences. If you look there, you can see in onlar , when different vowel endings, lar or ler is used. Refer the table given in positive sentences for the same.thisexample ,

Anchor 5

unit 7 -

Last unit we learnt about positive and negative sentence framing.  In this unit and the upcoming unit we will learn about question framing. In this unit we will focus on positive question framing.

 

In positive question framing, we have only a small difference from positive sentence formation. We add two letters along with personal suffix.

 

Format :

 

Positive question : Personal pronoun +  noun + personal suffix

L sentence and positive questioning? positiveWhat is the difference between the format
ofets consider an example and then define it

 

 

 

 

 

 

We will take a glance on the formats of positive sentence and positive question again :
 

Positive sentence : Personal pronoun + { noun + personal suffix }
Positive question : Personal pronoun +  noun + (question suffix+ personal suffix)

 

Positive sentence : Ben  doktorum ( I am doctor )

Positive question : Ben doctor muyum ( Am I doctor ? )

 

As you  seen in the given example,  In positive questioning , Two differences can be found comparing with positive sentences. They are :

  1. Noun stands as an individual word without suffix

  2. Personal suffix is added with a question suffix too. They together form a single word

 

In total 3 words are required to form  a  positive question, while in positive sentence , only two words are required.

 

 

 

But again as in positive sentences , we will take vowel harmony in this case also.  For different vowels , and different personal pronouns, we wilkl use different personal suffixes. They are listed below :

 

Last Vowel â–¶             a/ı         e/i        o/u               ö/ü

Ben                        mıyım     miyim   muyum        müyüm

Sen                         mısın      misin     musun        müsün

O                               mı          mi         mu                mü

Biz                           mıyız     miyiz     muyuz          müyüz

Siz                        mısınız    misiniz   musunuz    müsünüz

Onlar                        mı          mi           mu               mü

 

 

 

Depending upon this table we will frame the questions. We will look some examples on the same.

 

 1.  Ben  sultan mıyım ? = Am I sultan ?  { Ben = I (personal pronoun) ;  sultan = king ; mıyım = Am I ( Personal suffix with question suffix)  }
 

2. Ben erkek miyim ? = Am I male ? { Ben = I (personal pronoun) ; erkek = male (noun ) ;miyim = Am I (Personal suffix with question suffix) }

 

3. Ben tasarımcı mıyım ? = Am I designer ? { Ben = I (personal pronoun ) ; tasarımcı = designer (noun) ; mıyım = Am I (Personal suffix with question suffix ) }

 

  1. Ben baba mıyım ? =  Am I father  ? {Ben = I ( personal pronoun ) ; baba = father (Noun ) myım= Am I (Personal suffix with question suffix )

 

  1. Ben doktor muyum?  = Am I doctor { Ben = I (  personal pronoun ) ; doktor = doctor ( Noun ) muyum = Am I ( Personal suffix with question suffix )

 

  1. Ben aktör müyüm? = Am I actor ? { Ben = I ( personal pronoun ) ; aktör = actor (noun ) ; müyüm = Am I ( Personal suffix with question suffix )

 

 

  1. Ben kötü müyüm ? = Am I bad { Ben = I (personal pronoun ) ; kötü = bad (noun ) ; müyüm  = Am I (Personal suffix with question suffix )

 

Similarly with sen ; :

 

1. Sen  sultan mısın ?= Are you sultan ? { Sen = you (personal pronoun) ;  sultan = king ; mısın = Are you ( Personal suffix with question suffix)  }
 

2. Sen erkek misin ? = Are you male  { Sen = you (personal pronoun) ; erkek = male (noun ) ;misin = Are you (Personal suffix with question suffix) }

 

  1. Sen doctor musun ? = Are you doctor ?{ Sen = you (  personal pronoun ) ; doktor = doctor ( Noun ) musun = Are you ( Personal suffix with question suffix )

 

  1. Sen aktör müsün ? = Are you actor ? { Sen = you ( personal pronoun ) ; aktör = actor (noun ) ; müsün = Are you ( Personal suffix with question suffix )

 

 

 

 

 

For O

 

1. O  sultan mı? = Is he sultan ? { O = He (personal pronoun) ;  sultan = king (noun) mı (Question suffix) }
 

2. O erkek mi?= Is he male ? { O = He (personal pronoun) ; erkek = male (noun ) mi (Question suffix) }
 

  1. O doctor mu? = Is he doctor ?{ O = He (  personal pronoun ) ; doktor = doctor ( Noun ) mu (Question suffix) }

 

  1. O aktör mü ? = Is he actor ? { O = He ( personal pronoun ) ; aktör = actor (noun ) mü  (Question suffix) }

 

 

For Biz

 

 

1. Biz  sultan myız ? = Are we sultans  ? { Biz = we (personal pronoun) ;  sultan = king ; myız = Are we ( Personal suffix with question suffix)  }
 

2. Biz erkek miyiz ?  = Are we male ? { Biz = we (personal pronoun) ; erkek = male (noun ) ;miyiz = Are we (Personal suffix with question suffix) }

 

  1. Biz doctor muyuz ? = Are we doctors ? { Biz = we (  personal pronoun ) ; doktor = doctor ( Noun ) uz = Are we ( Personal suffix with question suffix )

 

  1. Biz aktör müyüz ? = Are we actors ? { Biz = we ( personal pronoun ) ; aktör = actor (noun ) ; üz = Are we ( Personal suffix with question suffix )

 

 

 

 

For siz : { Always remember , Siz represent two types of people. 1. When you say ‘you’  in plural and when you speak to someone formally )

1. Siz  sultan mısınız ? = Are you sultans ? { Siz = You (personal pronoun) ;  sultan = king ; sınız = Are you ( Personal suffix with question suffix)  }
 

2. Siz erkek misiniz ? = Are you male? { Siz = You (personal pronoun) ; erkek = male (noun ) ;siniz = Are you (Personal suffix with question suffix) }

 

  1. Siz doctor musunuz ? = Are you doctors ? { Siz = You (  personal pronoun ) ; doktor = doctor ( Noun ) musunuz = Are you ( Personal suffix with question suffix )

 

  1. Siz aktör müsünüz ? = Are you actors ?{ Siz = You ( personal pronoun ) ; aktör = actor (noun ) ; sünüzüz = Are you ( Personal suffix with question suffix )

 

 

 

For Onlar :

 

1. Onlar  sultanlar mı ? = Are they sultans ? { Onlar = They (personal pronoun) ;  sultan = king ;     lar = (Plural suffix ) ; mı  ( Question suffix )}
 

2. Onlar erkekler mi? = Are they male ? { Onlar = They (personal pronoun) ; erkek = male (noun ) ;ler = (Plural suffix) mi  (Question suffix ) }

 

3.Onlar doktorlar mu? = Are they doctors ? { Onlar = They (  personal pronoun ) ; doktor = doctor ( Noun ) lar = ( Plural suffix ) mu (Question suffix);

 4. Onlar aktörler mü ? = Are they actors ? { Onlar = They ( personal pronoun ) ; aktör = actor (noun ) ; ler ( Plural suffix ); mü ( Question sufix )

MOST ACTIVE MEMBERS

We will dispaly the most active members of the study center here...

wonderlandpage11@gmail.com  | 

wonderland official 

Contact us

We will update you with latest episodes of your fav. series....

SUBSCRIBE FOR UPDATES

Never miss an update

bottom of page